Birefringent Crystal - An Overview

Birefringent Crystal - An Overview

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For optical fibers as well as other waveguides, the distinction between uniaxial and biaxial isn't going to implement, For the reason that propagation route is basically based on the waveguide.

For optical fibers and various waveguides, it is much more suitable to consider the main difference of helpful refractive indices. This is directly connected with the primary difference in imaginary values from the propagation constants.

Intrinsic birefringence would be the expression utilized to explain naturally happening materials which have asymmetry in refractive index that's direction-dependent. These components consist of many anisotropic all-natural and artificial crystals, minerals, and chemicals.

One of the rays passing by way of an anisotropic crystal obeys the rules of standard refraction, and travels Together with the exact same velocity in just about every route throughout the crystal. This light-weight ray is termed the ordinary ray. Another ray travels having a velocity that may be dependent upon the propagation route inside the crystal, and is termed the incredible ray.

Due to the fact a person wave is retarded with regard to the other, interference (either constructive or destructive) occurs concerning the waves as they go through the analyzer. The online result's that some birefringent samples receive a spectrum of colour when noticed in white light-weight via crossed polarizers.

弯曲光纤中也存在类似的效应，由于激光器晶体中的热效应，会产生去极化损耗。 

For an arbitrary angle between propagation course and website optical axis, one particular can discover two linear polarization Instructions exhibiting diverse refractive indices. The 1st just one is perpendicular to your vector and also the optical axis; here, we contain the standard index , and such a wave is named an ordinary wave.

In other cases, application of a powerful electric powered field has similar results, e.g. in glasses. The short-term application of this type of area can even lead to a frozen-in polarization, which implies which the induced birefringence remains even immediately after getting rid of the external area.

The other polarization course is perpendicular to that and to the k vector. The latter includes a refractive index which is normally not the extraordinary index ne, but a somewhat a combination of ne and no. This may be calculated with the subsequent equation:

For amazing waves, exactly where the refractive index relies on the angular orientation, There exists a spatial walk-off: the course of electrical power propagation is a little bit tilted from that in the k vector.

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这一效应可应用于双折射调谐器中，因为它是与波长相关的（尽管折射率差与波长无关）。该效应通过自相位调制和交叉相位调制而与功率相关（参阅非线性偏振态旋转），有时用于光纤激光器中的被动锁模。 

Alternatively, one may possibly specify the polarization conquer length, which is split by the difference on the propagation constants.

In laser technological know-how and nonlinear optics, the phenomenon of birefringence happens mainly from the context of non-isotropic crystals:

在激光器技术和非线性光学中，双折射现象通常发生在非各向同性晶体中：